The Day of National Enlighteners, celebrated on November 1, shines as a tribute to the spirit, wisdom, and sacrifice of Bulgaria’s greatest thinkers, educators, writers, and revolutionaries.

This day calls the nation to reflect on the impact of countless national enlighteners whose dedication helped spark the Bulgarian National Revival. Originally focused on those from the Revival, Liberation, and early post-Liberation eras, the holiday’s scope has since expanded to honor cultural icons and heroes across time—those who contributed to the nation’s cultural and moral foundation.

First commemorated in Plovdiv in 1909, this date initially honored St. John of Rila. But in 1922, the National Assembly officially recognized it as a holiday dedicated to the country’s “distinguished Bulgarians”—those who nurtured and protected the Bulgarian spirit, courageously paving the way toward independence. Long before its official recognition, Bulgarians honored their enlighteners in their hearts and minds, venerating them as cultural saints who kept the nation’s spirit alive. Officially celebrated from 1922 to 1945 and then revived in 1992, this holiday became a national tradition of remembrance and gratitude.

The holiday’s spirit is rooted in the Early Revival period, aligning with the European Enlightenment, and embraces not only Revival-era heroes but also early saints, champions of national welfare during the April Uprising and Liberation, and leaders in the arts and politics. Their works paved the way for Bulgaria’s cultural and national progress, nurturing the pride, resilience, and identity of an independent Bulgaria.

Remarkably, even before liberation, Bulgarians founded a literary society in 1869, which would later grow into the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences —an institution demonstrating that the pursuit of knowledge and enlightenment had long been central to the Bulgarian people. Today, this holiday is celebrated with solemn processions and torchlit parades, and in 1991 it was named Bulgarian Science Day by the Union of Scientists in Bulgaria. It is also recognized as the Day of Bulgarian Journalism by the Union of Bulgarian Journalists.